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Top 25 Google Articles on Substack

Latest Google Articles


Why reading whitepapers takes your career to the next level (and how to do it)

Guest post by L6 Staff Engineer & Tech Lead at Google
Hi everyone 👋, Jordan here. I’m excited to feature Micah Lerner , L6 Staff Engineer and Tech Lead at Google, and author of Micah Learns , a blog with recurring deep dives on technical topics. Micah attributes a large part of his growth to reading technical whitepapers. In today’s guest post, he will share the value he’s experienced and how you can see similar results.
Jordan Cutler and Micah Lerner ∙ 320 LIKES
Nicola Ballotta
Great advice, Jordan. I have to say, reading whitepapers is also a great way to learn more about writing. Thanks for the mention 🙂
Kalpak
Excellent points. Aptly put.

Meet the California Progressives Trying to Cancel Affordable Housing. Plus. . .

Columbia goes remote. Google gets serious. And more.
Today from The Free Press, Google fights back against the activists, Biden does away with due process, and more. But first, let me pass the mic over to Ben Kawaller, who describes the latest installment of his video series, “Ben Meets America!” I have lived in or…
Oliver Wiseman ∙ 507 LIKES
Sydney
As a woman, I am continually flabbergasted by this administration’s policies against women. Title IX is a bedrock for us, for student athletes. They do not care for us or represent us.
Unsaint Finbar
If I had boys, I would not send them to a school filled with left wing idiots. They would go State schools in a conservative State.
This is a cliche, but how is it that left wing people break everything they touch, then lie and call it progress? Adulthood is in part about owning mistakes. It is about sincerity. It is about improving the mind, and improving the world. Why does this never happen once this zombifying virus takes hold? Thereafter it is roughly equal measures BS, patronizing moralistic postures, and steady decay in everything.
Trump is innocent with respect to all the charges in all of his trials. The current one in New York, as I understand it, is about campaign finance violations. The FEC already looked at it and found no wrong doing. The whole thing is a cooked up fraud that should embarass any lawyers still capable of embarassment.
And lets not forget that Hillary operated a server that itself was illegal, that plainly was intended to avoid compliance with the Federal Records Act (for the seemingly obvious reason that she was conducting illegal transactions), then deleted 40,000 emails, ran Bleechbit on her servers, and physically smashed both her hard drives and cell phones, to make any investigation impossible. This AFTER all this was subpoenaed by Congress.
If you do not understand that we have a two tiered system of "justice"--which really amounts to two tiers of injustice, in which one set of people is not charged for things they did do, and another IS charged for things they did not do--then all I can say is I assume you are wrong about nearly everything in your personal life too. I pity those around you, because you are out of touch with the currents of Life itself. None of this is complicated.

May 11, 2024

If you google the history of Mother’s Day, the internet will tell you that Mother’s Day began in 1908 when Anna Jarvis decided to honor her mother. But “Mothers’ Day”—with the apostrophe not in the singular spot, but in the plural—actually started in the 1870s, when the sheer enormity of the death caused by the Civil War and the Franco-Prussian War conv…
Heather Cox Richardson ∙ 4295 LIKES
Berry M. (ME)
A century and a half later women are still seeking equal rights, autonomy over their own health needs, equal pay and respect. We've gained so much ground, yet, of late, lost ground. Thank you to all the mothers and the not-mothers who have dedicated their lives to making the world a better place.
Betsy Smith
Even in our democracy, what we have won for women remains fragile and vulnerable. Let us rededicate ourselves on this Mothers' day to reclaiming the rights that have been taken from us.

EP111: My Favorite 10 Books for Software Developers

This week’s system design refresher: 10 Coding Principles Explained in 5 Minutes (Youtube video) My Favorite 10 Books for Software Developers 25 Papers That Completely Transformed the Computer World Change Data Capture: Key to Leverage Real-time Data
ByteByteGo ∙ 202 LIKES
Yosra
Studied the Designing Data-Intensive Applications book when I was in uni and I learned A LOT from it. 100/10 would recommend
Lalo Mouta
Design Patterns. It was the book that changed how I develop software. It was amazing to understand all the reasoning a developer should consider when write code.

What happened in Marketing: TikTok is Back, IG Algorithm shifts & LinkedIn is 🤐

IAB AdTech launches, Organic on IG & LinkedIn scales, Google AI & Amazon, the ad giant.
Anyone keeping up with Kendrick Lamar vs Drake? Many Brands are Drake, starting with solutions that people want. After Success, they try to not focus on product, instead do the PR and Event runs. You know the Aftermath. Before we begin, You can access the newsletter archive and support my work and Discord community by simply taking an action below:
Jaskaran ∙ 8 LIKES
Martin O'Leary
What are your thoughts on LinkedIn In-app professional games?
Matilda Lucy
Professional games on LinkedIn 🤢

The Big Disconnect

#251 Charting the growing disconnect between Google and SEOs
A warm welcome to 57 new Growth Memo readers who joined us since last week! Join the ranks of Amazon, Microsoft, Google and 12,600 other Growth Memo readers:
Kevin Indig ∙ 12 LIKES
Philipp Götza
I loved this Memo. In comparison to a lot of articles I read, you are one of few that tries to see all sides. At the beginning of the year I wrote about Google being under pressure in a lot of areas and talked about a narrative.
This narrative is not something anymore Google had to prevent, but is now facing.
When you said "we love to complain and still use products" I had to think of all the subreddits for multiplayer video games and wrestling. Everyone complains, yet still is a super heavy user and constantly buying into the product.
What I liked the most: Not shying away from signaling that you/we could all be wrong.
Do you have an opinion on the affiliates being demoted that seem to put in great work from the outside? There were a few examples I found surprising, but I didn't dig deep into the data or analyzed if they over-optimized. All I know is for a lot of queries in the US Google currently prefers the worse result. Worse = the content is objectively worse.
But, like you are alluding to, maybe it's actually what real people find the most helpful.
Sean Chaudhary
Thanks for sharing timely and valuable info per usual 🫡

Med-Gemini by Google: A Boon for Researchers, A Bane for Doctors

I've read all 58 pages of Google's latest paper on its new LLM for medicine, and I have low expectations. Here's my rebuttal.
Welcome to AI Health Uncut, a brutally honest newsletter on AI, innovation, and the state of the healthcare market. If you’d like to sign up to receive issues over email, you can do so here. Yesterday, Google published a new paper on fine-tuning its state-of-the-art (SoTa) multimodal LLM, called Gemini, for medica…
Sergei Polevikov ∙ 24 LIKES
Blake
That is upsetting about Mayo Clinic not sharing results. Also thank you for bringing up RAG systems vs LLMs. I’ve tried both for answering clinical questions and still can’t get over the reference hallucinations from ChatGPT3.5. SinjabAcademy’s Infinity RAG search tool for ophthalmology-related publications is meanwhile extremely helpful with a real reference list that is immediately accessible to verify claims and help guide decision making.

The death (again) of the internet as we know it

A few big changes are making the online world a more boring place to hang out.
The internet as we know it has already died once. In the 2010s, the rise of smartphones and mass social media (Twitter/Facebook/Instagram) caused what internet veterans refer to as an Eternal September event, for the entire internet. “Eternal September” is an old slang term for when a bunch of normal folk…
Noah Smith ∙ 374 LIKES
Arnold Kling
My takeaway from Noah's essay is that some Internet companies can only increase revenue by worsening the user experience. It's hard to believe that this will end well for them.
Jaundiced Baboon
Regarding spam/slop, I think a good solution could be to have social media accounts charge some small amount of money to make posts (say $0.001). Would be trivial for average users but could kill the business model of spammers who rely on putting out massive quantities of posts to only make a tiny return per post.
Although I'm sure people would complain about this even if it worked

Note to Readers: In Search of the Great Canadian Terror

Canada's Online Harms Act is packed with futuristic horrors, but with a few notable exceptions, politicians and media have tried to keep the worst parts hidden
For a more detailed take on the Online Harms Act, click here. On Tuesday night America This Week co-host Walter Kirn and I were texting, as we often do at the end of busy news days. He sent this:
Matt Taibbi ∙ 915 LIKES
Clever Pseudonym
Let's all say a prayer of thanks for one of the greatest creations in human history, the American Bill of Rights, most especially our glorious First Amendment.
Not that this will save us, and not that words have power if there's no one willing to fight for the ideas they represent, but—imagine for a second what our Social Justice NGOocracy would be doing, the banning and censoring and "Don't say that, it might hurt a feeling" Orwellian binge and purge they'd be unleashing.
The First Amendment is the great barrier all our self-proclaimed enlightened elites can only try to sneak around. And thanks to Matt, Mike Shellenberger and a few other real journalists we all know that our "kind and compassionate" pseudo-tolerant liberal class and all their shameless fluffers in the MSM are lying petty tyrants who would do to the rest of us what Trudeau is doing, if they could get away with it.
SimulationCommander
"The only mainstream American publication to reference the worst elements of the bill was a March 14 New York Post piece that hit the key notes of life imprisonment and pre-crime"
On Substack, we beat 'em by nearly a month ;)

Announcing the long-awaited Links relaunch

... are you ready for it??
Well, friends: Today is the day. The day I have long promised and threatened. The day on which Links, long a pro bono enterprise, decides to put on its big-girl pants and try to pay its (that is, my) mortgage. Today, after lots of research and thought and conversation with you — you beautiful, eclectic not-quite-strangers — I’m relaunching Links with a …
Caitlin Dewey ∙ 85 LIKES
Anna Codrea-Rado
I love this, Caitlin!! So excited for you. Links is my dictionary definition of a perfect newsletter. It feels like the kind of email my irl friends used to send me in the early 2010s, when we were bored at our entry-level jobs, emailing and gchatting each other links to thoughtcatalog, the awl ET AL.
Congrats on the rebrand and going paid, long overdue!!
Ellie G
Congratulations! Think there is a typo under ‘What will a free subscription include’, should it start Free subscriptions will… ?

May 6

Instagram Italian or Neighborhood Italian?

Many new restaurants have mid-food, and are designed for people who discovered the word "aesthetic" in 2022.
Good morning everyone. I hope you all had a nice weekend. I got kale blossoms at the farmer’s market yesterday and made this pasta that looks like fairy food:
Emily ∙ 103 LIKES
Lilly Drury
I am SO fascinated by the WSJ article about TikTok influencing financial feelings of dread- not only that, but as a graduating senior in college, I have seen this weird and completely unrealistic mindset that all graduates should be thriving immediately postgrad, with enough money from their first jobs ever to buy expensive drinks to instagram, expensive apartments to instagram, expensive Revolve dresses to instagram... you get the drift. TikTok and IG IMO have almost made "the struggle/grind" an unflattering, not-to-be-spoken-of thing. I was so shocked to learn that so many of the girls I've seen seemingly living it up postgrad have DEBT from SHOPPING. I don't have TikTok, so I largely see this play out on Instagram, but nonetheless this is a conversation I have had with my parents and friends and I think it ties in perfectly with the fact that todays day and age is the best and most safe time to live in history, and yet social media portrays the exact opposite. Social media has constantly been said to be fake and not real, but what it's doing is creating a false reality that people begin to live in as opposed to the real world. So interesting (and scary)!
Zoe
Great interview - David’s comments on BS jobs and career advancement. A lot of people I know are going through this existential crisis of advancement isn’t really what I want/this isn’t really advancement/this is BS but I still need a paycheck/this is BS and I need life fulfillment conundrum cycle and it’s insightful to read it written about in this framework. Also appreciate the commentary on importance of social life outside of work.

Tom White
"What if this was more common? Great writing is precious enough that I wish we had multiple interpretations of most great works. It would be a great way to see the evolution of artists."
Yes! Mark Twain on Jane Austen is a good (read as: hilarious) place to start: In his extensive correspondence with fellow author and critic William Dean Howells, Mark Twain seemed to enjoy venting his literary spleen on Jane Austen precisely because he knew her to be Howells’ favorite author, In 1909 Twain wrote that “Jane Austin” [sic] was “entirely impossible” and that he could not read her prose even if paid a salary to do so. Howells notes in My Mark Twain (1910) that in fiction Twain “had certain distinct loathings; there were certain authors whose names he seemed not so much to pronounce as to spew out of his mouth...
Rather than pitying Twain when he was sick, Howells threatened to come and read Pride and Prejudice to him.
Twain marveled that Austen had been allowed to die a natural death rather than face execution for her literary crimes. “Her books madden me so that I can’t conceal my frenzy,” Twain observed, apparently viewing an Austen novel as a book which “once you put it down you simply can’t pick it up.” ... In a letter to Joseph Twichell in 1898, Twain fumed, “I have to stop every time I begin. Everytime I read “Pride and Prejudice” I want to dig her up and beat her over the skull with her own shin-bone.” From: https://www.vqronline.org/essay/barkeeper-entering-kingdom-heaven-did-mark-twain-really-hate-jane-austen

HVAC Demand Trends: Google LSA Revenue Performance - April 2024

👋 Hey, Jon here! This week, we’re diving back into Google LSA performance for the full month of April. Note: This data is from a sample of ~20 businesses across the US. Shout out to Josh Crouch and his team at Relentless Digital, who partnered with us to measure lead-to-revenue from their organic and GLSA management services, enabling us to share these …
Jon Torrey

☁️ Amazon: Wild Margin Expansion

AI requires billions in Capex but it looks like money well spent
Welcome to the Friday edition of How They Make Money. Over 100,000 subscribers turn to us for business and investment insights. In case you missed it: 🚖 Tesla: Robotaxi Pivot ♾ Meta: The Anti-Apple 🔎 Google: "A Positive Moment" 🍿 Netflix: Engagement Machine
App Economy Insights ∙ 55 LIKES

"You are not allowed to think for yourself, peasant", says the Blob.

A short experiment conducted on a long car ride: trying to find one well-known quote using several modern AI chat bots.
During a recent long haul drive in the beautiful American West, my husband and I ran a non-scientific test of large language models (LLMs), aka artificial intelligence or AI. The objective of this study was to find good references for this quote: “Although only a few may originate a policy, we are all able to judge it.”
Sasha Latypova ∙ 345 LIKES
Timothy Winey
Some years ago in England, I saw a bumper sticker that read 'Think, it's not illegal, yet.'
misc.misc.misc
A tech person suggested the following to improve search results: Type - BEFORE:2023 - and then enter your search query. I have found this to be effective at improving results. But I agree, Google is virtually unusable since they put Prabhakar Raghavan in charge of search and he started optimizing Ad results over quality. Google recently replaced him, but it was with someone who was in charge of AI, so I wouldn't get my hopes up just yet.
Also, Brave (which I also use and love for ad blocking) is based on Chrome, aka Google.

Signal’s Katherine Maher Problem

Is the integrity of the encrypted-messaging application compromised by its chairman of the board?
The encrypted-messaging service Signal is the application of choice for dissenters around the world. The app has been downloaded by more than 100 million users and boasts high-profile endorsements from NSA leaker Edward Snowden and serial entrepreneur Elon Musk
Christopher F. Rufo ∙ 351 LIKES
Typhoid Mary
Every. Single. Thing. that I have ever trusted is corrupt. Thank you, thank you, thank you for exposing this Maher madness.
Yuri Bezmenov
Next layer of the rabbit hole: Moxie Marlinspike. Real name of the guy who created Signal. Not sure if it's worth migrating group chats over to Telegram, we should assume everything is compromised and act accordingly...

When Silicon Valley Stopped Trying to Save the World

Four years ago, Coinbase CEO Brian Armstrong was treated as a heretic when he insisted on leaving politics out of work. Now he looks prophetic.
In September 2020, Brian Armstrong, the CEO of the cryptocurrency exchange platform Coinbase, did something unthinkable in Silicon Valley: he said ther…
Michal Lev-Ram ∙ 332 LIKES
Yuri Bezmenov
Mao, Stalin, and Pol Pot all claimed they were trying save the world. When the private and public sectors march in lockstep with DIE/ESG and the 2020 COVID/BLM hystetia, that is the definition of leftist fascism. Brian Armstrong was brave for taking a stand, but many were silenced or lost their jobs.
Google is fully demoralized. They fired James Damore for writing a memo in support of intellectual diversity. His words from 2017 are just as prescient as Armstrong’s from 2020: https://yuribezmenov.substack.com/p/james-damore-google-diversity-memo-gemini
Bruce Miller
Yeah, nice try, no sale.
They're still left leaning clowns. Let's not forget the two leftists at Twitter who banned speech before Musk took over and ended their reign of terror. Google is among the worst offenders, toadying for the Biden Justice Department. And all the swooning for the grifters at BLM? Did these woke nitwits who run these corporations try to claw back the tributes that went into buying mansions for the fraudsters who ran that sting? No they did not. Our so--called "elites" who run these companies are mostly apparatchiks who were advanced to positions beyond their competence. Real leaders lead. They don't follow trends. And reward fraud and outright stupidity

If the GOP Can't Keep Voters from Putting Abortion on the Ballot, They Will Try To Trick Voters. They Will Cheat.

The "Decline to Sign" movement is gaining traction in GOP-dominated states
I went to Arkansas this weekend to speak to the Crawford County Democrats in Van Buren. This town is very close to my hometown, and I was able to proclaim myself a proud Ozark Hillbilly in front of a crowd and not one person batted an eye. I am a hillbilly in the most literal sense…it was my high school mascot. True story.
Jess Piper ∙ 616 LIKES
Becky Allen
Jess Piper--I live in a small rural (red) area west of Richmond, VA, and am here to confirm that yours is a voice that carries. I discovered you a couple of months ago and have been liberally (haha) sharing your posts since. You're a shining example of the intrinsic truth that the personal and the political are inexorably entwined. Thank you for all the positive, life-affirming contributions you make to this world, in word and in deed. Girl, you don't just walk the talk, you bend it to your will--that's a SuperPower in my book!!
Bill Lawrence
Republicans just about everywhere depend on lying and cheating--and extreme gerrymandering--to get what they want. It's an old story with them, and it's the main reason why voters should concentrate on electing Democrats to state offices. Democrats have been slow off the blocks to take over state legislatures. That needs to change. Stat.

Friday Funnies: "God Bless Bucks Fizz"

Eurovision hits a new low.
Robert W Malone MD, MS ∙ 653 LIKES
Karen Baetz
"This is what happens when you order a president through the mail" BRILLIANT 😂😂
TriTorch
Favorite: Marxism is nutshell: Every election will be stolen until we solve the problem (of elections, freedom, inequality [everyone is equally poor], bountiful harvests, happiness, & prosperity).
The cat & fish reminds me of this:
A German Shepherd, Doberman and a cat have died.
All three are faced with God who wants to know what they believe in.
The German shepherd says: "I believe in discipline training and loyalty to my master."
"Good," says God. "Then sit down on my right side. Doberman, what do you believe in?"
The Doberman answers: "I believe in the love, care and protection of my master."
Ah," said God. "You may sit to my left."
Then he looks at the cat and asks, "And what do you believe in?"
The cat answers: "I believe you're sitting in my seat."
---
If you or anyone you know has lost a friend or loved one recently (and sadly there seems to be a lot of this tragedy in these bleak times) this was written as a message of hope: https://tritorch.substack.com/p/perhaps-the-most-hauntingly-beautiful

What I Read This Week...

Google's Deepmind releases a new biology prediction tool, Apple is finalizing a deal with OpenAI, and more than a third of 18-24 year-olds reported no income in 2022
Watch All-In E178 Read our latest deep dive into semiconductors Caught My Eye… Google’s DeepMind has released an improved version of its biology prediction tool AlphaFold. While Google’s previous model amazed the research community with its ability to predict protein structures, Google’s latest iteration can predict the structures and interactions of nearl…
Chamath Palihapitiya ∙ 52 LIKES
Yuri Bezmenov
Shocking stat about Gen Z. We all need to mentor them to be victors not victims. These charts show that the DEI/ESG administrative state in education and healthcare is making us all poorer, sicker, and dumber: https://yuribezmenov.substack.com/p/fire-dei-esg-hr-commissar-administrative-bloat
Edward Reed
I don’t mind that Apple are late to the AI party as long as the product is awesome. Generally most Apple products are pretty good, unfortunately Siri has not been one of them. It’s been a non feature for me personally, I get no user value from it. I can see the potential for it to be much better.

Here's What Happened: Google loves cookies, Snap & Meta made Big in Q1 + TikTok Ban is official

No one is leaving TikTok or Cookies, but they both will go away soon. Meta & Snap are safe with their huge success in Q1.
Performance marketers can’t leave cookies, Brand Marketers can’t leave dogs out of the ads. But they have to, for creativity and consumer benefits. To help, I am preparing few resources. For now, Recap is here. Before we start, if you like my work and want to avoid missing the best marketing each week, join my paid newsletter. It will support the work a…
Jaskaran ∙ 5 LIKES

OpenAI Rules the Changes But Meta Changes the Rules

An analysis on Meta’s master plan and OpenAI’s masterpiece
A blog about AI that’s actually about people Meta has put the entire AI startup ecosystem against the ropes. They’ve released the two smaller versions of the Llama 3 family (8B and 70B-parameter dense models) and have given us a glimpse at the large version, a 405B dense model that although still training, is already showing
Alberto Romero ∙ 34 LIKES
Paul Toensing
Good job doing your homework, as this allows you to make some very good quality contracture. I’m personally hoping that GPT4 will eventually become free because my business model will be greatly assisted by that development. I’m not sure what the odds are, but of course, if we have the momentum of progress on our side, then it shouldn’t take forever.
Camino
Gracias. Muy interesante.

How Perplexity builds product

Johnny Ho, co-founder and head of product, explains how he organizes his teams like slime mold, uses AI to build their AI company, and much more
👋 Hey, Lenny here! Welcome to this month’s ✨ free edition ✨ of Lenny’s Newsletter. Each week I tackle reader questions about building product, driving growth, and accelerating your career. If you’re not a subscriber, here’s what you missed this month:
Lenny Rachitsky ∙ 178 LIKES
Harshal Patil
Love perplexity, use it every day, and Glad to read more about the behind-the-scenes.
Mostafa Fotouhi
I like these articles, I got things that helped me in my career, thanks a lot.
I didn't know Perplexity but I would like to test it

The Marketing Industry is definitely spiralin

I got the industry trends tapped, To make sure that you’re dialed in. (Friday Review)
No one wants to be a negative nancy, but sometimes you have to be one. Spoiler: 1st Point connects with 9th. Hi, writing the newsletter takes time and efforts. If you do like to support my work. You can by choosing the option below to join the paid newsletter. (It’s your decision, I’m not your boss).
Jaskaran ∙ 12 LIKES
Fabien Hameline
Great rundown. Third party cookies going away are not going to help either Google and meta either. Ultimately, building your own community might become the model. You start to see it with Fediverse and decentralised social media. This paves the way for interoperability, which in the end will better serve the user's own preference and needs.
Lucy Werner
Nothing gives you courage like a maternity leave, zero time and desire to pay for a septic tank without taking on agency work. 😂
But jokes aside, I know what we both have in common is our confidence in the quality of our offering. I think of it less as sales and more like a reminder of the support I can give to my audience what they need to help them hype themselves. This reframing really helps. That and every time I see them grabbing wins for themselves and I know its working.

The Forgotten Science of Vaccine Disease Provocation

Why do vaccines cause people to get the diseases they are supposed to protect you against?
Story at a Glance: •Many people notice they appear to become ill with the disease they are being vaccinated against (e.g., the flu or COVID) after receiving a vaccine. •While this association is frequently ridiculed by medical profession, over a century of evidence exists that demonstrates it occurred for a variety of diseases (e.g., there is extensive li…
A Midwestern Doctor ∙ 381 LIKES
Ness
I live in Melbourne Australia. We were locked up for almost two years. When there was NO covid in Melbourne and we were told that we wouldn't be allowed out until 90% were jabbed, I know of two people who went to get their jab and within a few days were sick and tested positive for Covid. One had got a drive-thru jab so exposure to anyone else was almost nil. The other had only visited a vax super-centre. Both lived alone and were not socialising with anyone else. It was clear to me then that many of the Covid cases being reported overseas were likely full of recently jabbed people who either got Covid from the jab or got a reaction that tested positive for Covid.
Barbara Charis
Louis Pasteur admitted on his deathbed that the terrain was more important than the disease. Healthy cattle grazing in a field next to unhealthy cattle...did not become infected. A healthy immune system is derived from the RIGHT NOURISHMENT in the bloodstream. The Science of Vaccines...was strewn with injured and dead people from the get-go! Starting in the 1950s vaccine promotion began. People trusted their educated doctors. They paid them for these 'vaccines.' I was one of the moms who did so. Doctors did not divulge or did not know, what items were in them? It was a 'Witchdoctor's brew' hidden by PATENTS that should never have been injected into the body of pigs! Aluminum and mercury. were known to create brain damage. Formaldehyde is embalming fluid. Animal viruses injected into little humans? There were many more foreign elements in these vaccines that should not be in the human body. Then the coup de grace Covid-19. which contained even more toxic substances ...and it decimated multi-millions. This was The Science of Vaccines.